Aristotle

Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theatre, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important influences in the Western intellectual tradition. He was the first to create a comprehensive system of philosophy and science.

Aristotle's works were almost lost after the collapse of the Roman empire in the West. They were rediscovered by the Arabic translators during the 'Islamic Golden Age', whose work in turn influenced the scholastic philosophers in the Christian West.