Olamning Qurondagi manzarasi
Ushbu maqolada Quronda olam qanday tushuntirilgani yoritiladi.
Kirish
Fizik olamning Qurondagi manzarasi qadimgi Yaqin Sharq va unga qöshni mintaqalar - yunon va rumliklarning borliq haqidagi bilim va tushunchalaridan kam bölsa kam-ki, ortiq emas. U paytga kelib ayrim madaniyatlar Yer sayyorasi sharsimon ekanligini tushunib yetgan bölsa, Quronda Yer tekis deyiladi.
Bazi fikrlarga binoan qadimgi diniy manbalarni sözma-söz qabul qilish shart emas, ayrim qismlarini köchma manoda tushunish mumkin. Biroq musulmonlarning aksariyati bunday fikrlamay, Quronni xudoning aynan sözi, deb ishonishadi. Bu maqolada esa Quronni xudodan kelgan, deb emas, balki Muhammadning sözlari, deb qabul qilinadi va Muhammadning olam haqidagi tushunchasi körsatiladi.
Quron kosmologiyasi
Osmonlar va Yer
Quron kosmologiyasi haqida yozishni islomiy olamning nihoyatda kichkina va sodda ekanligini eslatishdan boshlash lozim. Quronga binoan olam atigi ikkita qismdan: osmonlar va yerdan iborat.
Islomda zamonaviy odamlar biladigan boshqa astronomik qamrovlar yöq. Quronda yulduz tizimlari, galaktikalari, vakuum degan narsalar haqida yozilmagan. Yer koinotdagi bazi boshqa jismlar kabi sayyora, Quyoshning esa bir yulduz ekani haqida hech nima deyilmaydi. Quron kosmologiyasi asosan qurollanmagan köz bilan körinadigan osmon jismlari bilan chegaralangan; qadimgilar köra olmagan jismlarni tasvirlashda esa qattiq yanglishadi.
Yaratilish zamirida "osmonlar va yer" yotishi Quronda takror va takror eslatiladi, bu ikki narsaning "ajratilishi" esa Allohning butun olamni qanday yaratganini körsatish uchun ishlatiladi.
Bu ikki joyning favquloddaligiga takroran urğu beriladi. Bu ikki joydan boshqa joy eslatilmaydi. Quron mualliflari Allohninh hamma narsadan boxabarligini bildirish uchun "osmonlar va yer" iborasini ishlatib, göyoki butun olam shulardangina iborat ekaniga ishora qilishadi.
The “heavens and the earth” are also described as a sort of “container” within which the entire Universe (that man experiences) operates. There is only heaven, earth, and the things between them.
Not surprisingly, the nature of this space “between the heavens and the earth” is described according to the straightforward (if false) perception of a human standing on the ground. Looking in all directions, the Earth appears to be basically flat, and the circular horizon gives the impression of standing at the center of a flat disc. Looking up, the sky (heaven) appears as a solid blue dome reaching its greatest height directly overhead, and anchored at or beyond the horizon. This is essentially (as we will discuss in detail) what we find in the Qur'an.
Additionally, the Qur'an is clear that when Allah created the heavens and the earth, the earth came first.
And
So there we have the basic framework. The earth is a flat disc, and the heavens are a solid dome (actually seven solid domes) overhead. For a look at more of the details, let us first consider the heavens.