All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith: Difference between revisions

It has traditionally been taken for granted that the Qur'an was composed in Classical Arabic, the same literary language that was used by the Arab jurists, theologians, poets, historians and religious scholars of the Ummayyad and Abbasid caliphates and their successor states. But recent research, pioneered by Ahmad Al-Jallad of Ohio University and Marijn Van Putten of the university of Leiden, has shown that the Qur'an was actually composed in a different language, which they call Old Hijazi, the ancient vernacular dialect of the Hijaz region which includes Makkah and Medina.

This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi.

Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.

The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include signs that show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a sign in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:

Q3:20 So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.

The four pausal sings and their meanings:

(مـ) pausing is mandatory.

(ج) pausing is allowed.

(صلى) pausing is allowed but continuation is preferred.

(قلى) continuation is allowed but pausing is preferred.

The type of the pause and its position are the work of scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. But to keep things simple, we didn’t count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.

In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:

﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾  Q57:25

Old Hijazi:            wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…

Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…

The Rhyming Quality

High quality: That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as:

عليم حكيم  ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations)

The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect:

Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m

Normal quality: That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as:

عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations)

The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant

Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes

1- Individual instances. They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that the wikiislam team just collected the strongest 22 unique ones.

2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition.

A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran

﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ۝﴾ Q2:90, 58:5

Old Hijazi:           wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn.

Classical Arabic: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn.

﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ۝﴾ Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7

Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn.

Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.

﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...۝﴾ Q2:102

OH: harūt wa mārūt

CA: harūta wa mārūt

﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ۝﴾ Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position.

OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā

CA: bashīran wa nadhīrā

﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ۝﴾   Q2:104 Q58:4

OH: wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb alīm

CA: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun ʾalīm

﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْأَسْبَابُ ۝﴾  Q2:166

OH: wa rāu l-ʕadhāb wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-asbāb

CA: wa raʾawu l-ʕadhāba wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-asbāb

﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا ‌دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ۝﴾ Q2:171

OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā

CA: duʕāʾan wa nidāʾā

﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾

Q2:185,186

OH: shahru ramaḍān ǝl-ladhi unzil fīh ǝl-qurān hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min ǝl-hudē wa l-furqān… waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā safar faʕiddah min ayyām ukhar… fainnī qarīb ujīb daʕwata d-dāʕi…

CA: shahru ramaḍāna l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi l-qurʾānu hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa l-furqān… waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā safarin faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin ukhar… faʾinnī qarībun ʾujību daʕwata d-dāʕi…

﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ۝﴾  Q2:247

OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism.

CA: fil-ʕilmi wal-jism.

﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ ‌خَيْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ۝﴾  Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19

OH: khayrā kathīrā.

CA: khayran kathīrā.

﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو ‌عُسْرَةٍ ‌فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍۚ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾ Q2:280

OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah.

CA: ʕusratin fanaḍhiratun ʾilā maysarah.

ʕusrah and maysarah in the dialect of Hijaz are pronounced as ʕusurah and maysurah. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.1 p.407)

﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ ‌أَمَدًا ‌بَعِيدًا ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾  Q3:30

OH: amadā baʕīdā

CA: ʾamadan baʕīdā

﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ‌عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ۝﴾  Q3:63

OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-mufsidīn

﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ ‌نَاصِرِينَ ۝﴾   Q3:91 16

OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn

CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn

﴿وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ ۝﴾  Q3:115, 9:44

OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn

CA: ʕalīmun bil-muttaqīn

﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾  Q3:155

OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-jamʕān innama stazallahum ǝsh-shayṭān bibaʕḍi mā…

CA: yawma ltaqa l-jamʕāni ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-shayṭānu bibaʕḍi mā…

﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾  Q3:181

OH: wa naḥn aghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-anbiyāʾ bighayri ḥaqq.

CA: wa naḥnu ʾaghniyāʾ (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-ʾanbiyāʾa bighayri ḥaqq.

﴿فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا ‌مَرِيئًا۝﴾ Q4:4

OH: haniyyā mariyyā.

CA: hanīʾan marīʾā.

﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾  Q5:19

OH: min bashīr wa lā nadhīr (pause) faqad jākum bashīr wa nadhīr (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.

CA: min bashīrin wa lā nadhīr (pause) faqad jāʾakum bashīrun wa nadhīr (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.

﴿وَهُمْ ‌يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝  Q6:26

OH: yanhawn ʕanh wa yanawn ʕanh.

CA: yanhawna ʕanhu wa yanʾawna ʕanh.

﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرِينَ ‌وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ۝﴾  Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56

OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn.

CA: mubashshirīna wa mundhirīn.

﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ‌الْبَرِّ ‌وَالْبَحْرِۚ وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾  Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22

OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr.

CA: fil-barri wal-baḥr.

﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌شَرَابٌ ‌مِنْ ‌حَمِيمٍ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ۝﴾  Q6:70 Q10:4

OH: min ḥamīm wa ʕadhāb alīm bimā…

CA: min ḥamīmin wa ʕadhābun ʾalīmun bimā…

﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ ‌الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾ Q8:41

OH: yawm ǝl-furqān yawm ǝltaqa l-jamʕān.

CA: yawma l-furqāni yawma ltaqa l-jamʕān.

﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌نَعِيمٌ ‌مُقِيمٌ ۝﴾  Q9:21

OH: naʕīm muqīm.

CA: naʕīmun muqīm.

﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا ‌جُرُفٍ ‌هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...۝﴾   Q9:109

OH: hār fanhār …

CA: hārin fanhāra …

﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ ‌نَذِيرٌ ‌وَبَشِيرٌ۝﴾   Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188

OH: nadhīr wa bashīr.

CA: nadhīrun wa bashīr.

﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.

OH: ḥukmā wa ʕilmā.

CA: ḥukman wa ʕilmā.

﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا ‌مَكِينٌ ‌أَمِينٌ ۝﴾ Q12:22

OH: makīn amīn

CA: makīnun ʾamīn

﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ الْكُفَّارُ لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى ‌الدَّارِ۝﴾ Q13:42

OH: wa sayaʕlam ǝl-kuffār liman ʕuqba d-dār

CA: wa sayaʕlamu l-kuffāru liman ʕuqba d-dār

﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ ۝﴾  Q16:4, 36:77

OH: khaṣīm mubīn

CA: khaṣīmun mubīn

﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾  Q16:75

OH: sirrā wa jahrā

CA: sirran wa jahrā

﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ ‌أَجْرًا ‌كَبِيرًا۝﴾   Q17:9

OH: ajrā kabīrā

CA: ʾajran kabīrā

﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا ۝﴾   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.

OH: mubashshirā wa nadhīrā

CA: mubashshiran wa nadhīrā

﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا ‌وَخَيْرٌ ‌عُقْبًا ۝﴾   Q18:44

OH: hū khayr thawābā wa khayr ʕuqbā

CA: huwa khayrun thawāban wa khayrun ʕuqbā

﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا ‌وَلَا ‌أَعْصِي ‌لَكَ ‌أَمْرًا۝﴾   Q18:69

OH: ṣābirā...amrā

CA: ṣābiran...ʾamrā

﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا۝﴾ Q19:27

OH: shayyā fariyyā

CA: shayʾan fariyyā

﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا ۝﴾  Q20:112

OH: ḍhulmā wa lā haḍmā

CA: ḍhulman wa lā haḍmā

﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾  Q21:90

OH: raghabā wa rahabā

CA: raghaban wa rahabā

﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِۚ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ ‌بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾  Q22:25

OH: fīh wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīh biilḥād biḍhulm…

CA: fīhi wal-bād (pause) wa man yurid fīhi biʾilḥādin biḍhulmin…

﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا ‌ثُبُورًا ‌كَثِيرًا۝﴾   Q25:14

OH: thubūrā kathīrā

CA: thubūran kathīrā

﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ۝﴾   Q26:91

OH: wa burrizat ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn

CA: wa burrizati l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn

﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ ۖ ‌وَمَنْ ‌شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾  Q27:40

OH: aashkur am akfur

CA: ʾaʾashkuru ʾam ʾakfur

﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾   Q29:41

OH: wa inn awhan ǝl-buyūt labayt ǝl-ʕankabūt

CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti labaytu l-ʕankabūt

﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا ‌وَلَّى ‌مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْرًا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ۝﴾ Q31:7

OH: wallē mustakbirā kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh waqrā

CA: wallā mustakbiran kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi waqrā

﴿وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾   Q31:19

OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik

CA: waqṣid fī mashyika waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik

﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا ‌مَقْدُورًا۝﴾   Q33:38

OH: qadarā maqdūrā

CA: qadaran maqdūrā

﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا ۝﴾  Q33:41  

OH: dhikran kathīrā

CA: dhikrā kathīrā

﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ ‌مَهِينٌ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُبِينُ ۝﴾  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.

OH: hū mahīn wa lā yakād yabīn

CA: huwa mahīnun wa lā yakādu yabīn

﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten

OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā

CA: illā qīlan salāman salāmā

﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾   Q56:33

OH: lā maqṭūʕah wa lā mamnūʕah

CA: lā maqṭūʕatin wa lā mamnūʕah

﴿‌عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا۝﴾  Q56:37

OH: ʕurubā atrābā

CA: ʕuruban ʾatrābā

﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾   Q57:25

OH: wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…

CA: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…

﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ ‌مُنْكَرًا ‌مِنَ ‌الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۝﴾  Q58:2

OH: munkarā min al-qawl wa zūrā

CA: munkaran mina l-qawli wa zūrā

﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ ‌أُسْوَةٌ ‌حَسَنَةٌ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾   Q60:4

OH: uswah ḥasanah fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn maʕah idh qālū…

CA: ʾuswatun ḥasanatun fī ʾibrāhīma wal-ladhīna maʕahū ʾidh qālū…

﴿وَمَكَرُوا مَكْرًا ‌كُبَّارًا ۝﴾  Q71:22

OH: makrā kubbārā

CA: makran kubbārā

﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا ‌كَفَّارًا ۝﴾   Q71:27

OH: fājirā kaffārā

CA: fājiran kaffārā

﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ‌ثَقِيلًا ۝﴾ Q73:5

OH: qawlā thaqīlā

CA: qawlan thaqīlā

﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا ‌وَأَعْظَمَ ‌أَجْرًا ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾  Q73:20

OH: hū khayrā wa aʕḍham ajrā    

CA: huwa khayran wa ʾaʕḍhamu ʾajrā

﴿إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ۝﴾  Q74:18

OH: innah fakkar wa qaddar

CA: innahū fakkara wa qaddar

﴿ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝﴾  Q74:23

OH: thumm adbar was-takbar

CA: thumma ʾadbara was-takbar

﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا ۝﴾ Q76:3

OH: immā shākirā wa immā kafūrā

CA: ʾimmā shākiran wa ʾimmā kafūrā

﴿‌وَمِنَ ‌اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا۝﴾   Q76:26

OH: laylā ṭawīlā

CA: laylan ṭawīlā

﴿‌عُذْرًا ‌أَوْ ‌نُذْرًا۝﴾   Q77:6

OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā

CA: ʕudhran ʾaw nudhrā

﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي ‌بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ۝﴾  Q77:32

OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar

CA: bishararin kal-qaṣar

In the canonical readings, the final word is read as “kal-qaṣr”. But a number of non-canonical readings read it as “kal-qaṣar” which makes it a perfect rhyming fit for the preceding word “bisharar”. The final word of the next verse is non-canonically read as ṣufur. (Muʕjam al-qirāʾāt, vol.10 p.248, 251)

﴿وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا ۝﴾  Q78:13

OH: sirājā wahhājā

CA: sirājan wahhājā

﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ۝﴾ Q78:40

OH: ʕadhābā qarībā

CA: ʕadhāban qarībā (This position is an end of a verse in the Baṣran and some Makkan readings. In the readings wher this position isn't an end of a verse, the two words are read as ʕadhāban qarīban)

﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾  Q80:28

OH: wa ʕinabā wa qaḍbā

CA: wa ʕinaban wa qaḍbā

﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ۝﴾  Q80:42

OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh

CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarh

﴿‌نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ۝﴾  Q96:16 discovered by Larcher

OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah

CA: nāṣiyatin kādhibatin khāṭiyah

﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ ‌هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ ۝﴾   Q104:1

OH: humazah lumazah

CA: humazatin lumazah

﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَعُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝﴾   Q107:7

OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn

CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn

﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي ‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ۝﴾   Q111:1

OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab wa tab

CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin wa tab

﴿مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ۝﴾  Q114:4

OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās

CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās

Individual Instances of Normal-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran

Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of the were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:

﴿وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ۝﴾ Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2

Old Hijazi:            wa hudē wa bushrē lil-mūminīn

Classical Arabic: wa hudan wa bushrā lil-muʾminīn

﴿‌نَذِيرٌ ‌مُبِينٌ۝﴾  Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49.

OH: nadhīr mubīn

CA: nadhīrun mubīn

﴿‌لَيَئُوسٌ ‌كَفُورٌ۝﴾   Q11:9

OH: layaūs kafūr

CA: layaʾūsun kafūr

﴿‌إِنَّ ‌أَخْذَهُ ‌أَلِيمٌ ‌شَدِيدٌ۝﴾   Q11:102

OH: alīm shadīd

CA: ʾalīmun shadīd

﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌فِيهَا ‌زَفِيرٌ ‌وَشَهِيقٌ۝﴾   Q11:106

OH: zafīr wa shahīq

CA: zafīrun wa shahīq

﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ ‌إِنِّي ‌حَفِيظٌ ‌عَلِيمٌ ۝﴾  Q12:55

OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm

CA: ḥafīḍhun ʕalīm

﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَدْحُورًا۝﴾   Q17:18

OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā

CA: madhmūman madḥūrā

﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَخْذُولًا۝﴾   Q17:22

OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā

CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā

﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ۝﴾  Q22:5, 50:7

OH: zawj bahīj

CA: zawjin bahīj

﴿قَالَ ‌عَمَّا ‌قَلِيلٍ ‌لَيُصْبِحُنَّ ‌نَادِمِينَ۝﴾  Q23:40

OH: ʕammā qalīl la yuṣbiḥunn nādimīn

CA: ʕammā qalīlin la yuṣbiḥunna nādimīn

﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَلُومًا ‌جَهُولًا ۝﴾  Q33:72

OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā

CA: ḍhalūman jahūlā

﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾  Q36:73

OH: manāfiʕ wa mashārib

CA: manāfiʕu wa mashārib

﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَيَئُوسٌ ‌قَنُوطٌ ۝﴾   Q41:49

OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ

CA: fa yaʾūsun qanūṭ

﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ ۝﴾  Q44:49

OH: ant ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-karīm

CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm

﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ ۝﴾  Q50:18

OH: raqīb ʕatīd

CA: raqībun ʕatīd

﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ ۝﴾  Q55:27

﴿ذِي الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ ۝﴾  Q55:78

OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram

CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram

﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾  Q56:3

OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah

CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah

﴿فِي سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ۝﴾  Q56:42

OH: samūm wa ḥamīm

CA: samūmin wa ḥamīm

﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ ‌كَثِيبًا ‌مَهِيلًا۝﴾  Q73:14

OH: kathībā mahīlā

CA: kathīban mahīlā

﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾  Q88:3

OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah

CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah

Q89:19-22

﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلًا لَمًّا (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكًّا دَكًّا (٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا (٢٢) ﴾

OH: …aklā lammā۝…ḥubbā jammā۝…dakkā dakkā۝…ṣaffā ṣaffā۝

CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝

﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ ‌مِنْ ‌خَيْرٍ ‌فَقِيرٌ ۝﴾   Q28:24

OH: khayr faqīr

CA: khayrin faqīr

A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes

High-Quality Internal Rhymes

ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)

    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)

    ǝl-ʕalīm ǝl-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)

ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)

    ǝl-ḥakīm ǝl-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)

ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, ­Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

khabīr baṣīr خبير بصير “Aware, Seeing” (35:31, 42:27)

    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)

qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)

ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)

Normal-Quality Internal Rhymes

ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)

      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)

      ǝl-ghafūr ǝr-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)

ǝr-raḥīm ǝl-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)

ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)

      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)

      ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)

samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)

     ǝs-samīʕ ǝl-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)

ǝl-ʕazīz ǝr-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)

raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)

ghafūr ḥalīm  غفور حليم “Forgiving, Forbearing” (4, such as 5:101)

ḥalīmā ghafūrā حليما غفورا “Forbearing, Forgiving” (17:44, 35:41)

ʕalīm khabīr عليم خبير “Knower, Aware” (31:34, 49:13)

    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)

    ǝl-ʕalīm ǝl-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)

ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)

   ǝl-ḥakīm ǝl-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)

laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)

     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)

     ǝl-laṭīf ǝl-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)

ǝl- azīz ǝl-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)

ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)

samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)

    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)

    ǝs-samīʕ ǝl-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)

ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)

   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)

    ǝl-ʕalīm ǝl-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)

ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)

    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)

ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)

  ǝl- azīz ǝl-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)

raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)

ḥakīm ḥamīd حكيم حميد “Wise, Owner of Praise” (41:42)

shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)

ǝl-ghafūr ǝl-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)

samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)

A list of High-Quality Internal Rhymes in Hadith

Note: Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus it wasn’t possible to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way the wikiislam team did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, we looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.

The first internal rhyme is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:

^[1]«نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ كُلٌّ ‌شَافٍ ‌كَافٍ»

Old Hijazi:            shāf kāf

Classical Arabic: shāfin kāf, or shāfin kāfī

^[2]أَنَّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي الصَّلَاةِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ وَ الْمَغْرَمِ.

Old Hijazi:            al-mātham wal-maghram

Classical Arabic: al-maʾthami wal-maghram

^[3]قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ وَسُوءِ الأَخْلاَقِ ‏"‏ ‏.

OH: min ǝl-shiqāq wal-nifāq wa suww ǝl-akhlāq

CA: mina l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi wa sūʾi l-ʾakhlāq

^[4]إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.

OH: ǝnfasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ

CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ

((لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ وَالْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ فِي يَدَيْكَ، وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ، أَنَا بِكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، ‌تَبَارَكْتَ ‌وَتَعَالَيْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ...اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ)). ^[5]

This is a prayer that contains many internal rhymes:

OH: labbayk wa saʕdayk (pause) tabārakt wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamt wa mā akhkhart (pause) wa mā asrart wa mā aʕlant (pause) wa mā asraft (pause)

CA: labbayka wa saʕdayk (pause) tabārakta wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamtu wa mā ʾakhkhart (pause) wa mā ʾasrartu wa mā ʾaʕlant (pause) wa mā ʾasraft (pause)

^[6]اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.

OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih

CA: ʕājilihī wa ʾājilih

^[7]أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ ‌الدُّثُورِ ‌بِالْأُجُورِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.

OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr

CA: ʾahlu d-duthūri bil-ʾujūr

^[8]اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا ‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.

OH: qalbā taqiyyā naqiyyā (pause) min ǝl-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.

CA: qalban taqiyyan naqiyyā (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.

Note how the word “bariyyā” only rhymes without the hamzah.

^[9]«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَدْمِ وَالتَّرَدِّي وَالْهَرَمِ ‌وَالْغَرَقِ ‌وَالْحَرَقِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ إِنْ يَتَخَبَّطَنِي الشَّيْطَانُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَأَنْ أُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مُدْبِرًا أَوْ أَمُوتَ لَدِيغًا»

OH: wal-gharaq wal-ḥaraq

CA: wal-gharaqi wal-ḥaraq

^[10]«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَرِزْقًا طَيِّبًا، ‌وَعَمَلًا ‌مُتَقَبَّلًا»

OH: wa ʕamalā mutaqabbalā

CA: wa ʕamalan mutaqabbalā

^[11]" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ "

OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm

CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm

^[12]" اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ ‌وَالْقِلَّةِ ‌وَالذِّلَّةِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ "

OH: wal-qillah wal-dhillah

CA: wal-qillati wal-dhillah

^[13]«اللَّهُمَّ ‌قِنِي ‌عَذَابَكَ يَوْمَ ‌تَبْعَثُ ‌عِبَادَكَ»

OH: allāhumm qinī ʕadhābak yawm tabʕath ʕibādak

CA: allāhumma qinī ʕadhābaka yawma tabʕathu ʕibādak

^[14]«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»

OH: min ǝl-kufr wal-faqr (pause)… min ʕadhāb ǝl-qabr (pause)

CA: mina l-kufri wal-faqr (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)

كان رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ إذا قام من الليل كبَّر، ثم يقول:

"سبحانك اللهم! وبحمدك، وتبارك اسمك، وتعالى جدك، ولا إله غيرك"، ثم يقول: "لا إله إلا الله" ثلاثًا، ثم يقول:

^[15]"الله أكبر كبيرًا" -ثلاثًا- أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم؛ من ‌همزه ونفخه ونفثه" ثم يقرأ.

OH: min hamzih wa nafkhih wa nafthih

CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih